代写dissertation开发商和土地所有者

by | 16-May-2013 | 英国留学常识

代写dissertation

The on-site homebuilder’s first steps are to determine the geographic areas in which it wants to build homes, and to acquire raw land or lots (land that has been developed for building). In most cases, the builder will buy at least enough land to support a community of no fewer than 50 homes. Homebuilders try to tailor their land purchases to the corresponding market’s characteristics, based on characteristics of the selling community, comprised primarily of developers or landowners, as they also keep in mind what might best serve their ultimate home consumer. Typically, in any given market, most participants are aware (or are made aware) of large land parcels when they become available—either through negotiated sale or by competitive auction. More often than not, the sale is negotiated between the land’s owner and/ or developer and the homebuilder. However, in some cases—especially for unusually large tracts of land—the sale is made through a bidding process. Most land acquired by the average builder in our universe is bought through option contracts, and payment is predominantly made at the options expiration. Especially in areas where available land is relatively scarce or where the entitlement process is comparatively long, option-based purchases can make a lot of sense, based partly on the financial flexibility they provide to the homebuilder. Such contracts require builders to pay only a small fraction of the total lot costs up front, and they tend to have few (if any) performance requirements. These kinds of contracts are often renewable, generally expire on a rolling basis, and have a specified exercise price. During the housing downturn that began in 2006 and continued into 2009, many large homebuilders terminated their land option contracts, thereby losing their cash deposits. Their assumption is that demand in the housing market will not rebound for some time and that they will be able to repurchase land at much lower prices as the economy emerges from recession. Because the decision whether or not to acquire land is the single most important decision a builder makes, considerable effort is made in this endeavor. Land acquisition experts typically scout the market for recent sales of new homes in search of “comparable” properties.

代写dissertation

现场商的第一个步骤是确定的地理区域,它想建造房屋,并获得原土地或地段(已开发的建设用地)。在大多数情况下,他将至少购买足够的土地支持不少于50家社区。房屋建筑商试图调整自己的土地购买相应的市场的特点,根据销售的群落特征,主要包括开发商和土地所有者,他们也记住最好为他们的最终消费。通常,在任何市场,大多数参与者都知道(或清楚)大地块当他们成为可通过协议出售或拍卖的竞争性。更多的往往不是,出售土地的所有者和/或开发商和建筑商之间的谈判。然而,在某些情况下,特别是不寻常的大片土地出售通过招投标过程。大多数的土地,我们的宇宙是通过获得平均Builder买期权合约,并支付主要是在期权到期了。特别是在现有的土地相对稀缺的或在授权过程是比较长的区域,基于期权的购买可能有很大的意义,部分基于财务上的灵活性,他们提供给建筑商。该合同要求制造商支付只有一小部分的总成本,他们很少有(如果有的话)的性能要求。这类合约往往是可再生的,一般到期的基础上滚动,和有一个指定的行使价。在房地产低迷的2006开始,一直持续到2009,许多大型房屋建筑商终止他们的土地期权合约,从而失去他们的现金存款。他们的假设是,在房地产市场的需求不会反弹了一段时间,使他们能以很低的价格回购土地作为经济走出衰退。因为决定是否购买土地是最重要的决策者,在这方面取得了相当大的努力。土地收购专家通常侦察市场最近的新屋销售搜索“媲美”的性质。

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