代写论文对夹注格式的讲解，什么是夹注格式?引文出处使用括号夹注的方法(一般不使用脚注或者尾注)。正文中，括号夹注(作者姓氏+页码)放在句末标点以内，但不得放在引文的引号以内。引语段(block quotation)的括号夹注不属于单句，因而不得将其放在句末的标点以内。直接引语都必须标明页码，以便读者查找。下面我们来看看代写论文老师对夹注格式的具体讲解。
1、引用整篇文献的观点引用整篇文献(即全书或全文)观点时一般不用标注页码，有两种情况，
— 一种是作者的姓氏在正文中没有出现，如：
Charlotte and Emily Bronte were polar opposites, not only in their personalities but in their sources of inspiration for writing (Taylor).
— 另一种情况是作者的姓氏已在正文同一句中出现，按MLA的规范不需要使用括号夹注，
如：
Taylor claims that Charlotte and Emily Bronte were polar opposites, not only in their personalities but in their sources of inspiration for writing.
在英文撰写的论文中引用中文著作或者期刊，括号夹注中只需用汉语拼音标明作者的姓氏，不得使用汉字，如：
(Fang, 12)
2、 引用文献中具体观点或文字引用文献中某一具体观点或文字时必须注明该观点或者该段文字出现的页码，没有页码是文献引用不规范的表现。若作者的姓氏已在正文同一句中出现，则不需要在括号夹注中重复。
According to Marcuse, Ancient writers attributed the invention of the monochord to Pythagoras, who lived in the sixth century BC (197).
2.1 引用多位作者写作的同一文献二至三位作者：
Among intentional spoonerisms, the “punlike metathesis of distinctive features may serve to weld together words etymologically unrelated but close in their sound and meaning” (Jakobson and Waugh 304).
(如果有三位作者，在括号夹注中应用逗号分隔他们的姓氏，如：(Alton, Davies, and Rice 56)。)
The study was extended for two years, and only after results were reviewed by an independent panel did the researchers publish their findings (Blaine et al. 35).
2.2 引用同样姓氏的不同作者假若两个或两个以上的作者有同样的姓氏，则括号夹注中应同时使用他们名字的首字母，如：
Although some medical ethicists claim that cloning will lead to designer children (R. Miller 12), others note that the advantages for medical research outweigh this consideration (A. Miller 46).
引用中文著作或期刊时同姓作者的情况较多，应在括号夹注中使用他们名字的首字母加以区分，如：
(S.R. Wang 26) (J.X. Wang 30)
3、 引用团体作者(corporate author)引用团体作者的作品，括号夹注中应使用团体的名称，如：
It was apparent that the American health care system needed “to be fixed and perhaps radically modified” (Public Agenda Foundation 4).
4、引用无作者文献引用无作者文献，如果文献标题没有出现在正文里，则括号夹注中应使用该标题或者(如果标题过长的话)使用该标题中的关键词组，如：
An anonymous Wordsworth critic once argued that his poems were too emotional (“Wordsworth Is A Loser” 100).
在使用关键词组时应该选择标题开始部分的词组。
无论是MLA还是APA的规范，独立出版物的标题或者标题中的关键词组用斜体标出，出版物内含的作品的名称以及未出版的作品(讲演、论文等)的标题或者标题中的关键词组则用引号标出。
5、引用书信、谈话中的观点或文字书信和谈话(含电子邮件、访谈、电话等)无法在正文后面的参考文献中列出，但应该在正文中使用括号夹注的方法注明出处。例如：
Jesse Moore (telephone conversation, May 12, 1989) admitted the need for an in-depth analysis of the otherness expressed in the work.
6、 引用同一作者的多篇文献按MLA规范，引用同一作者的多篇文献时，在括号夹注中应加入文献标题中的关键词组，如：
Lightenor has argued that computers are not useful tools for small children (“Too Soon” 38), though he has acknowledged that early exposure to computer games does lead to better small motor skill development (“Hand-Eye Development” 17).
或者
Computers are not useful tools for small children (Lightenor, “Too Soon” 38), though he has acknowledged that early exposure to computer games does lead to better small motor skill development (Lightenor, “Hand-Eye Development” 17).
或者
Lightenor has argued that computers are not useful tools for small children, though he has acknowledged that early exposure to computer games does lead to better small motor skill development (“Too Soon” 38 and “Hand-Eye Development” 17).
7、同时引用不同作者的多篇文献括号夹注可以包括不同作者的多篇文献，文献按作者姓氏的字母顺序排列(注意分号的使用)，如：
The dangers of mountain lions to humans have been well documented (Rychnovsky 40; Seidensticker 114; Williams 30).
在MLA的规范中，如果不同作者的多篇文献过于冗长，则不用括号夹注，而使用脚注(见4)。
8、引用非直接文献(indirect source)论文应尽可能避免使用非直接文献(即二级文献secondary source)，但在无法找到直接文献(即一级文献primary source)的情况下，引文可以从非直接文献中析出，例如：
Samuel Johnson admitted that Edmund Burke was an “extraordinary man” (qtd. in Boswell 2: 450).
(注意：“qtd. in”中的字母“i”不得大写。)
引用非直接文献以后，在正文后参考文献著录中只需列入该非直接文献的条目(即上述实例中的“Boswell”和“Murzynski & Degelman, 1996”)。
9、引用文学作品和经典文献按MLA的规范，有几种情况括号夹注内不标页码。
在引用剧本时应标出引文的幕、场、行，如：
In his famous advice to players, Shakespeare’s Hamlet defines the purpose of theater, “whose end, both at the first and now, was and is, to hold, as ‘twere, the mirror up to nature” (3.2.21-23).
(也可用III.ii.23，来表示第三幕的第二场的第23行.)
这里的括号夹注表示引文来自剧本第三幕第二场的21至23行。(注意标点的使用。)
在引用诗歌时应标出引文的节、行，如：
When Homer’s Odysseus comes to the hall of Circe, he finds his men “mild / in her soft spell, fed on her drug of evil” (10.209-11).
这里的括号夹注表示引文来自诗歌第10节的209至211行。对不分节的诗第一次引用时应说明括号里标的是行数，使用“line”，以后的引用则不需再说明。例如：
第一次引用：(lines 5-8)
以后的引用：(12-13)
在引用有章节、分册的小说的时候，应标出引文所在的页码、册数、章节，如：
One of Kingsolver’s narrators, teenager Rachel, pushes her vocabulary beyond its limits. For example, Rachel complains that being forced to live in the Congo with her missionary family is “a sheer tapestry of justice” because her chances of finding a boyfriend are “dull and void” (117; bk. 2, ch. 10).
例子里的括号夹注表示引文来自该书第二册第十章的第117页。(注意标点和缩略语的使用。)
在引用《圣经》、《可兰经》等经典文献的时候，应标出引文的篇、章、节，如：
Consider the words of Solomon: “If your enemies are hungry, give them food to eat. If they are thirsty, give them water to drink” (Bible, Prov. 25.21).
例子里的括号夹注表示引文来自旧约《圣经》的《箴言》篇第25章第21节。《圣经》各篇的缩写有标准的写法，因而使用时应该注意核对。
10、对引语文字的更改直接引语如出现在正文中间，使用引语的句子不得违反英语语法，不得出现“句中句”。为了使含直接引语的句子合乎语法，往往有必要对引语的文字作一定的更改。如果要删除引语中个别词句，可以用省略号(ellipses“…”)取代删除的词句。如果要加入或者更改个别单词或者词组，则可以将需要加入或者更改的单词或词组放在方括号(square brackets“[ ]”)以内。例如：
删除词句：
He stated, “The ‘placebo effect,’ … disappeared when behaviors were studied in this manner” (Smith 276), but he did not clarify which behaviors were studied.
添加词组：
Smith (276) found that “the placebo effect, which had been verified in previous studies, disappeared when [his own and others’] behaviors were studied in this manner.”
— 无论删改还是添加字词均不得变更引语的原意。
— 注意：如果删除是在句内，应该空一格以后再加省略号。如果删除是在一句整句以后，则应在该整句最后的标点(句号、问号或惊叹号)不空格直接加省略号。省略号应该用三个句点。
11、引用网络和电子出版物引用网络文献和电子出版物时文中夹注的基本原则与引用其他文献时是基本一致的。
引用网络和电子文献观点时有两种情况:
11.1 一种是引用网络与电子文献的全文观点(或做整体描述),
如果作者的姓氏或研究项目/主题网站的名称已在正文同一句中出现，按MLA的规范不需要使用括号夹注，如：
William I. Mitchell’s City of Bits discusses architecture and urban life in the context of the digital telecommunications revolution.
Victorian Women Writers Project has tried to develop a “historical sociology” of women’s writing in nineteenth-century England.
The database Duecento is an invaluable source for texts of medieval Itanlian poetry.
Romance Languages and Literature Home Page has links to many helpful resources.
11.2 另一种情况是引用部分观点，如果作者的姓氏或研究项目/主题网站的名称在正文中没有出现，那么在括号夹注中需注明作者或项目名称，文章名称，段落。
One online film critic stated that Fitzcarraldo is “…a beautiful and terrifying critique of obsession and colonialism” (Garcia, “Herzog: a Life,” par. 18). (其中“par.”指网页上的段落)
Hypertext, as one theorist puts it, is “all about connection, linkage, and affiliation” (Moulthrop, “You Say,” par.19).
如果作者姓氏已给出，则夹注中只标注所缺项目：
“The debut of Julius Caesar,” according to Sohmer, “proclaimed Shakespeare’s Globe a theater of courage and ideas, a place where an audience must observe with the inner eye, listen with the inner ear” (par. 44).
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