新西兰论文代写价格研究文献

新西兰论文代写价格

Research literature states two main research paradigms or philosophies. Although there is considerable blurring, the two main research paradigms can be labelled ‘positivist’ and ‘phenomenological’ (Collis & Hussey 2003:47; Santos 2006:290). Some authors use the philosophical perspective to prevent confusion with a methodology known as phenomenology. The positivistic paradigm is alternatively known as the quantitative, objectivist, scientific, experimentalist, or traditional research paradigm. The phenomeno-logical paradigm is also known as the qualitative, subjectivist, humanistic or interpretive research paradigm (Collis & Hussey 2003:47).

Positivistic paradigms seek facts or causes of social phenomena with little regard to the subjective state of the individual. Positivism is based upon realism. Thus logical reasoning is applied to research so that precision, objectivity and rigour replace experience and intuition as means of investigating research problems. Positivism is founded on the belief that research on human behaviour should be conducted in the same way as research in the natural sciences. This belief is based on the assumption that social reality is independent of research objectives and exists regardless of whether the researchers are aware of it. Therefore, the ontological debate of ‘What is reality?’ can be kept distinct from the epistemological question of ‘How the researcher obtains knowledge of that reality?’ When using positivistic research methodologies, the act of investigating realty has no effect on that realty (Collis & Hussey 2003:52).

新西兰论文代写价格

研究文献的两个主要的研究范式和哲学。虽然有相当模糊,两个主要的研究范式可以被标记为“实证主义”和“现象学”(Collis &赫西2003:47;桑托斯2006:290)。一些作者使用的哲学的角度来防止混乱的方法被称为现象学。实证主义范式也被称为定量,客观,科学,实验师,或传统的研究范式。的现象学范式也被称为是定性的,主观的,人文的或解释性的研究范式(Collis &赫西2003:47)。

实证主义范式寻求很少考虑到个人的主观状态的社会现象的事实或原因。实证主义是基于现实主义。因此,逻辑推理应用于研究这样的精度,客观性和严谨代替经验和直觉作为研究问题的方法。实证主义的信念建立在对人类行为的研究应该以同样的方式在自然科学的研究。这种信念是基于这样的假设,社会现实是独立研究的目标,不管是否存在研究人员意识到它。因此,本体论的争论“什么是现实?“可以保持不同的者如何获得事实的知识的认识论问题?当采用实证研究方法,对房地产的行为对房地产没有影响(Collis &赫西2003:52)。

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